Basilica of the Omni-mediatress of All Glories
| Niepokalanów, basilica minor | |
|---|---|
 Basilica of the BVM the Immaculate | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Roman Catholic |
| District | Archdiocese of Warsaw |
| Year consecrated | October 1954 |
| Status | Basilica, parish church[1] |
| Location | |
| Location | Niepokalanów, 96-515 Teresin, Poland |
| Geographic coordinates | 52°12′14″N 20°25′14″E / 52.20389°N 20.42056°E |
| Architecture | |
| Architect(s) | Zygmunt Gawlik |
| Completed | 1954 |
| Specifications | |
| Capacity | up to 5000 |
| Length | total: 84.8 metres (278 ft); inside: 69 metres (226 ft) |
| Width | naves: 18 metres (59 ft); with both side chapels: 33 metres (108 ft) |
| Height (max) | main nave: 16 metres (52 ft); tower clock: 47 metres (154 ft) |
| Website | |
| http://niepokalanow.pl | |
The church in Niepokalanów, devoted to the Blessed Virgin Mary the Immaculate, the Omni-mediatress of All Glories, was designed by the architect from Cracow – Zygmunt Gawlik. It was built between 1948 and 1954, in difficult times for Poland. In June 1950 it became a parish church for a new parish[1] in Niepokalanów.
Three-nave church can accommodate up to five thousand people. The height of the church tower is 47 m. Three massive, double winged doors hold symbols of the most famous places of Marian apparitions around the world. In April 1980, Pope John Paul II granted the church the title of the basilica minor.[2]
Plans and construction of the church[edit]
The first idea to build a new church in Niepokalanów (or at least a large chapel), appeared before the Second World War.[3] In 1935 the magazine "Rycerz Niepokalanej" ("The Knight of the Immaculate") wrote: It is necessary to build a new chapel, or – as some of the readers want – the church, because there is no room to accommodate all of us. Unfortunately, at that time, the Franciscans did not have adequate funds to start the building.
Construction plans were prepared and approved in December 1938 in Warsaw. An external company was hired for analysis of the land on which the church was to stand. In May 1939, there was blessed a cross on the square assigned for building the church. The outbreak of war in September 1939, stopped the work for a long time. Most of the materials collected for the construction were plundered by the Nazis in December 1939.[4]
After the war, in June 1948, the first brick was put for the building of a new church. The design was made by the architect Zygmunt Gawlik. The church, devoted to the BVM the Immaculate, the Omni-mediatress of All Glories, could hold up to 5000 people. It was consecrated on 3 October 1954[3] [5] by Bishop Wacław Majewski, who replaced the imprisoned cardinal Stefan Wyszyński.
Professional co-friars worked at decoration of the interior of the church: sculptors, stonemasons, blacksmiths and so on. Many of the sculptures were made by friar-artist Maurycy Kowalewski, with the help of friar Abel Dziełyński and the other friars. On the church tower there were mounted four clock bells, named: Knight of the Immaculata, Maximilian, Francis and Anthony.[3]
Architecture and specifications[edit]
Entering the church, a visitor can see the statue of Our Lady Immaculate in the main altar. This statue is a work of Maurycy Kowalewski and Abel Dziełyński, friars-sculptors from Niepokalanów. In the chapel of St. Joseph (on the right side of the church) there are two important mosaics. The first of them (round mosaic) commemorates the baptism of Poland. The Latin inscription says: Mesco dux baptizatur – Polonia semper fidelis - 966-1966 (Prince Mieszko baptized – Poland is always faithful – 966-1966).[6] The second, huge mosaic (placed on the wall) shows Jesus the Merciful and the Immaculate Heart of Our Lady.
The chapel on the left side is dedicated to St. Maximilian Kolbe. A marble statue of the saint, placed in the central part of the chapel, offers the entire globe to the Mother of God. On the chapel walls there are hung many votive offerings, in thanksgiving for the graces received. A round mosaic, located next to them, presents a speech of St. Maximilian to the co-prisoners in the Auschwitz camp.[6] Near, in the central part of the church there is situated a Carrara marble ambo. Bas-reliefs of the Holy Trinity, Christ teaching in the boat and the Evangelists, can attract the attention of visitors in the nave.
The dimensions of the basilica are:[3]
– the length from the beginning of the stairs to the end of the apse – 84,8 m.
– the length of the interior of the basilica – 69 m.
– the height of the main nave – 16 m.
– the width of the church – 18 m. (the width with both side chapels – 33 m.)
– the height of the tower clock – 47 m.
Pilgrimages. Basilica today[edit]
Since the time of the beatifications of Fr. Maximilian Kolbe (1971), many important guests and pilgrims from all over the world visited Niepokalanów and the local basilica.[3] There were bishops, cardinals and high rank politic officials among them. Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski, Primate of Poland, who visited Niepokalanów several times, said once: Before the war Niepokalanów grew far and wide. After the war the hard times came, and then the Franciscans, unable to keep up their common job, did the wisest thing they could – they built a church.[7]
On 18 June 1983, during the 2nd Pastoral Visit in Poland, Pope John Paul II visited the basilica and the monastery in Niepokalanów.[6] In the basilica he met the representatives of religious orders to which he gave a speech. Then, during the Holy Mass at the field altar he preached a sermon to over 300,000 people. The visit of the pope increased the number of pilgrims coming to Niepokalanów. Many people wanted to visit the place, sacred by activity of St. Maximilian, and to pray in the local basilica.
In view of the Great Jubilee of 2000, the basilica underwent a complete restoration, both internal and external. In April 2002, two new mural mosaics were inaugurated in the basilica (precisely in the chapel of St. Joseph).[6] One of them presents Jesus the Merciful while the other the Immaculate Heart of Mary. In August 2015, a new altar and a small ambo in white marble were installed in the presbytery. In September 2018, the chapel of perpetual adoration was inaugurated in the south wing of the basilica.[8] With this inauguration, sanctuary in Niepokalanów became part of an initiative to create 12 international centers of continuous prayer for peace in the world.
Small photo gallery[edit]
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Interior of the basilica -
Tower clock -
Chapel of adoration -
Rear view
References[edit]
- ^ a b "Parafia w Niepokalanowie" [Parish of the Immaculate Conception in Niepokalanów. News and infos] (in Polish). Retrieved 21 May 2024.
- ^ "Ioannis Paulus PP II Letterae Apostolicae Amor Noster" [In loco Niepokalanów, qui est in Polonia, templum B.V.M. Immaculatae, Mediatricis omnium gratiarum, ad dignitatem basilicae minoris evehitur] (in Latin). 30 April 1980. Retrieved 5 May 2024.
- ^ a b c d e O. Witalis Jaśkiewicz OFMConv. Pięćdziesiąt lat Niepokalanowa, 1927- 1977 [Fifty years of Niepokalanów, 1927- 1977] (in Polish). OO. Franciszkanie – Niepokalanów 1979. pp. 27, 44–46, 53.
- ^ Claude R. Foster. Mary's Knight. The Mission and Martyrdom of Saint Maksymilian Maria Kolbe. West Chester – Pennsylvania: West Chester University Press, 2002. pp. 623–624. ISBN 1-887732-15-2.
- ^ "Bazylika NMP w Niepokalanowie – historia i współczesność" [Basilica of Our Lady of Niepokalanów – History and Today] (in Polish). Retrieved 14 May 2024.
- ^ a b c d Roman Soczewka. Niepokalanów – Pilgrimage and tourist guide. Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Zet, 2004 (third edition revised). pp. 32, 36, 61, 79. ISBN 83-7364-185-8.
- ^ "Fragment homilii kard. Wyszyńskiego" [From the homily of card. Wyszyński. Historical information from the website of the Niepokalanów] (in Polish). Retrieved 17 May 2024.
- ^ "W Niepokalanowie powstało Światowe Centrum Modlitwy o Pokój" [Niepokalanów: dedication of the International Peace Prayer Center, 1 September 2018] (in Polish). Retrieved 18 May 2024.
Source materials[edit]
- Niepokalanów. Pilgrimage and tourist guide, red. fr. Roman Soczewka OFMConv. Wydawnictwo ZET, Wrocław 2004, ISBN 83-7364-185-8
- Niepokalanów monastery – Official site in Polish language
- o. Cezar Czesław Baran OFMConv., Franciszkańskie sanktuaria maryjne w Polsce (Franciscan Marian shrines in Poland). Wydawnictwo Pelikan, Warszawa 1990, ISBN 83-85045-17-1 (book in Polish)
- Miasto Niepokalanej (City of the Immaculate – article in Polish), p. 216-219, in: Rycerz Niepokalanej (The Knight of the Immaculate) nr 7-8/2010, Niepokalanów, ISSN 0208-8878
- o. Witalis Jaśkiewicz OFMConv. Pięćdziesiąt lat Niepokalanowa, 1927- 1977 (Fifty years of Niepokalanów, 1927- 1977) (book in Polish). OO. Franciszkanie – Niepokalanów 1979